Macromolecule Worksheet Answer Key
Macromolecules are large, complex molecules that play a crucial role in the structure and function of living organisms. In this worksheet, we will review the four main types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Section 1: Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and are classified into two main categories: simple carbohydrates (sugars) and complex carbohydrates (starches and fibers).
| Carbohydrate | Example | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Carbohydrate | Sucrose (table sugar) | Quick source of energy |
| Complex Carbohydrate | Starch (found in plants) | Long-term energy storage |
| Complex Carbohydrate | Cellulose (found in plant cell walls) | Structural support |
👀 Note: Carbohydrates are an important source of energy for the body, but excessive consumption can lead to weight gain and other health problems.
Section 2: Proteins
Proteins are complex molecules made up of amino acids. They play a crucial role in the structure and function of the body, and are necessary for growth and repair.
| Protein | Example | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Structural Protein | Collagen (found in skin and bones) | Provides structural support |
| Enzyme | Protease (found in digestive system) | Breaks down proteins into amino acids |
| Hormone | Insulin (regulates blood sugar levels) | Regulates metabolic processes |
👀 Note: Proteins are essential for growth and repair, and inadequate protein consumption can lead to muscle wasting and other health problems.
Section 3: Lipids
Lipids are a group of molecules that are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. They play a crucial role in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and hormone production.
| Lipid | Example | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Triglyceride | Triolein (found in adipose tissue) | Energy storage |
| Phospholipid | Phosphatidylcholine (found in cell membranes) | Cell membrane structure |
| Steroid | Cholesterol (found in cell membranes) | Hormone production and cell membrane structure |
👀 Note: Lipids are an important source of energy, but excessive consumption can lead to weight gain and other health problems.
Section 4: Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are complex molecules that contain genetic information. They are composed of nucleotides, which are made up of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
| Nucleic Acid | Example | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Human DNA | Contains genetic information |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Messenger RNA (mRNA) | Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes |
👀 Note: Nucleic acids are essential for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.
In conclusion, macromolecules play a crucial role in the structure and function of living organisms. Understanding the different types of macromolecules and their functions is essential for understanding how the body works and how to maintain optimal health.
What is the primary source of energy for the body?
+Carbohydrates are the body’s primary source of energy.
What is the main function of proteins in the body?
+Proteins play a crucial role in the structure and function of the body, and are necessary for growth and repair.
What is the main function of nucleic acids in the body?
+Nucleic acids contain genetic information and are essential for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.
