5 Charles Laws Worksheet Answers Explained

Understanding the Fundamentals of Charles' Laws with a Worksheet

Charles’ Laws, also known as the Gay-Lussac’s Law or Charles-Gay-Lussac’s Law, is a fundamental principle in physics and chemistry that describes the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas. The law states that, at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin. This concept is crucial in understanding various natural phenomena, industrial processes, and laboratory experiments.

In this worksheet, we will guide you through five problems related to Charles’ Laws, explaining each step in detail. By the end of this exercise, you will have a solid grasp of how to apply Charles’ Laws to real-world scenarios.

Problem 1: Finding the Final Volume of a Gas

A gas with an initial volume of 2.5 liters is heated from 273 K to 373 K at constant pressure. What is the final volume of the gas?

Step 1: Write down the given values. Initial volume (V1) = 2.5 liters Initial temperature (T1) = 273 K Final temperature (T2) = 373 K

Step 2: Use Charles’ Law formula to find the final volume (V2). V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

Step 3: Rearrange the formula to solve for V2. V2 = V1 × T2 / T1

Step 4: Substitute the given values into the formula. V2 = 2.5 × 373 / 273

Step 5: Calculate the final volume. V2 ≈ 3.42 liters

⚠️ Note: Make sure to use the correct units for temperature (Kelvin) when applying Charles' Law.

Problem 2: Determining the Initial Temperature of a Gas

A gas with an initial volume of 1.2 liters expands to 2.1 liters when heated at constant pressure. If the final temperature is 423 K, what is the initial temperature of the gas?

Step 1: Write down the given values. Initial volume (V1) = 1.2 liters Final volume (V2) = 2.1 liters Final temperature (T2) = 423 K

Step 2: Use Charles’ Law formula to find the initial temperature (T1). V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

Step 3: Rearrange the formula to solve for T1. T1 = V1 × T2 / V2

Step 4: Substitute the given values into the formula. T1 = 1.2 × 423 / 2.1

Step 5: Calculate the initial temperature. T1 ≈ 242 K

Problem 3: Finding the Volume Ratio of Two Gases

Two gases, A and B, are at the same pressure and temperature. Gas A has a volume of 3.5 liters, while Gas B has a volume of 2.8 liters. If the temperature is increased to 523 K and the pressure remains constant, what is the volume ratio of Gas A to Gas B at the new temperature?

Step 1: Write down the given values. Initial volume of Gas A (V1A) = 3.5 liters Initial volume of Gas B (V1B) = 2.8 liters Final temperature (T2) = 523 K

Step 2: Use Charles’ Law formula to find the final volume of each gas. V1A / T1 = V2A / T2 V1B / T1 = V2B / T2

Step 3: Rearrange the formulas to solve for V2A and V2B. V2A = V1A × T2 / T1 V2B = V1B × T2 / T1

Step 4: Substitute the given values into the formulas. V2A = 3.5 × 523 / 273 V2B = 2.8 × 523 / 273

Step 5: Calculate the final volumes. V2A ≈ 6.39 liters V2B ≈ 5.24 liters

Step 6: Find the volume ratio of Gas A to Gas B. V2A / V2B ≈ 6.39 / 5.24 ≈ 1.22

Problem 4: Calculating the Temperature Change of a Gas

A gas with an initial volume of 2.2 liters expands to 3.3 liters at constant pressure. If the initial temperature is 293 K, what is the final temperature of the gas?

Step 1: Write down the given values. Initial volume (V1) = 2.2 liters Final volume (V2) = 3.3 liters Initial temperature (T1) = 293 K

Step 2: Use Charles’ Law formula to find the final temperature (T2). V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

Step 3: Rearrange the formula to solve for T2. T2 = V2 × T1 / V1

Step 4: Substitute the given values into the formula. T2 = 3.3 × 293 / 2.2

Step 5: Calculate the final temperature. T2 ≈ 423 K

Problem 5: Determining the Pressure Change of a Gas

A gas with an initial volume of 1.8 liters is compressed to 1.2 liters at constant temperature. If the initial pressure is 101 kPa, what is the final pressure of the gas?

Note: Charles’ Law does not directly relate to pressure changes. However, we can use the combined gas law to solve this problem.

Step 1: Write down the given values. Initial volume (V1) = 1.8 liters Final volume (V2) = 1.2 liters Initial pressure (P1) = 101 kPa

Step 2: Use the combined gas law formula to find the final pressure (P2). P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

Step 3: Since the temperature remains constant, we can simplify the formula. P1V1 = P2V2

Step 4: Rearrange the formula to solve for P2. P2 = P1 × V1 / V2

Step 5: Substitute the given values into the formula. P2 = 101 × 1.8 / 1.2

Step 6: Calculate the final pressure. P2 ≈ 151 kPa

In conclusion, Charles’ Laws provide a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas. By applying these laws, you can solve various problems related to gases and their behavior under different conditions. Remember to use the correct units and formulas to ensure accurate calculations.